Tarantula hawk wasps, particularly species within the genera Pepsis and Hemipepsis, are notorious for their excruciatingly painful stings. These wasps, which prey on tarantulas, are known for their large size (up to 2 inches) and vivid coloration—often metallic blue-black bodies with bright orange wings. The sting of a tarantula hawk is ranked as one of the most painful in the world, second only..

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ˌfaɪbroʊdɪˈspleɪʒ(i)ə ɒˈsɪfɪkænz prəˈɡrɛsɪvə/; abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue. It is the only known medical condition where one organ system changes into another. It i..